@article{ author = {Falahatkar, Amir and AkhavanArmaki, Hamidrez}, title = {Design of a Solar Absorption Chiller System in Tehran and Evaluation of its Operation in Comparison with Conventional Absorption Chillers}, abstract ={Solar energy applications in Iran for supplying domestic hot water, space heating and cooling have Attracted considerable attentionin last decade. In this paper, a solar absorption chiller is designed to serve asa common typical office building in Tehran with floor area of 1300 m^2. Moreover, the rate of solar absorption chiller energy consumption in comparison with conventional absorption chillers is considered. The daily cooling system schedule is considered during May 5 to October 7 from 8:00 to 17:00. This study demonstrates that the single effect absorption chillers with hot water supply and solar evacuated tube collector for cooling application are the most significant compatible and suitable chillers and solar collectors. The power of this absorption chiller’s generator is 236 kW, of which 41% is supplied by evacuated tube collectors. Achieving this purpose requires utilizing 104 collectors which everyone compromises of 22 tubes with total absorber area of 184 m^2. With this replacement the investment payback rate would be 10.5 years.}, Keywords = {Solar Absorption Chiller, Evacuated Tube Collectors, Absorption System Performance, Investment Payback Rate}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-18}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-204-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-204-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {razini, Saleh and Tafreshi, S.M.M and Bathaee, S.M.T}, title = {Multi-Criteria Decision Making Based on Scenario planning for Long –term power generation planning in Iran}, abstract ={Considering the importance of scientific decision-making for planning, in this article a decision making framework for long term electricity generation planning, has been studied. For this purpose, using LEAP software, some scenarios have been designed for 20 years power generation planning in Iran. These scenarios are evaluated using Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP), which is based on expert opinions. Because the energy resources in Iran can be categorized as fossil, nuclear and renewable resources, three scenarios, each based on one of resources,have been designed. Different criteria for evaluating scenarios were extracted from various papers. Also in order to consider local conditions in decision making, Indigenous criteria were extracted from visions, policies and laws of Iran. Finally experts’ opinions were collected and scenarios wereprioritized by Expert Choice software. The results indicate according to the opinion of expert group, fossil resources are the most appropriate scenario for Iran power planning and renewable scenario is the second priority. According to this study the least important issue for energy planning is environmental issue, Whereas technical issues and economic issues respectively are the most effective factors for decision-making in Iran.}, Keywords = {Multi Criteria Decision Making, Scenario Planning, Power Generation Planning, AHP}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {19-35}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-205-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-205-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {AlsadatTavakoli, Bahareh and Roshandel, Rami}, title = {The Effect ofDifferent Membrane and Fuel Cell Operational Conditions on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel cell Performance for UPS}, abstract ={This paper describes the model of aproton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM fuel cell)for a one kilowatt UPS system. One of the critical issues to overcome in the PEM fuel cells is the water management. In this paper a steady state, two dimensional, isothermal model in a single PEM fuel cell using individual computational fluid dynamics code is presented. Different membranes are compared to investigate the effect of operating condition on the polarization curve of fuel cell. The maximum power of fuel cell with Gore-select membrane is the highest and the model predicts that the amounts of different fluxes of water are strong function of current density, which is related to external load. The model prediction polarization curves are compared with model predictions data reported in the validated open literature and a good compatibility is observed.}, Keywords = {UPS; Fuel cell; Polymer Electrolyte Membrane; Modeling; Water content}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {36-54}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-206-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-206-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {ZakeriFard, Razmara and Abdi, Hamdi and Khonakdari, Taghi}, title = {Feasibility Study of Construction of a 10 MWWind Power Plant in MoravehTappeh}, abstract ={In the past few years, renewable energy sources specially wind farms have become more and more attractive for electrical utilities. Feasibility study is the first step in constructing Wind power plants. It evaluates thepossibility ofestablishingawindpower plant which is closely related to technical and economical aspects. Furthermore, site location and type of wind turbine play a prominent role in this study. Also, many topics such as the estimation of annual generation energy capacity and number of turbines, interconnection method between wind power plant and network (the national or regional), should be determined in this study. In this paper Feasibility study for construction of a 10 MW power plant has beeninvestigated based entirely on the regional wind potential (MoravehTappeh), and meteorological data. All of statistical analysiswereperformed using COMFAR software.}, Keywords = {Feasibility Study, Wind Energy, Wind Turbine, Wind Form}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {55-77}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-207-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-207-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {HassanzadehFard, H and Moghaddas-Tafreshi, S.M and Hakimi, S.M}, title = {The Effect of Removing Subsidieson Type of the Units in an Islanded Micro-Grid}, abstract ={Nowadays due to High cost of fuel, people are encouraged to use renewable energy sources (e.g. solar energy, wind energy). The reasons are that renewable energy sources are clean and infinite. In this paper wind-PV-fuel cell and battery banks are used to supply the demand of the micro-grid. The natural gas is used to produce hydrogen for fuel cells. So in this paper the effect of the cost of fuel on optimal size of each component in micro-grid has been evaluated. In this paper the sum of the total capital, operational and maintenance and replacement costs of distribution energy resource, penalty for interrupted loads and the cost of fuel are minimized.}, Keywords = {Micro-Grid, Natural Gas, Particle Swarm Optimization, Reliability, Removing Subsides}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {78-92}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-208-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-208-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Rahmanifar, A}, title = {Technical and Financial Analysis of Photovoltaeic Power in Oil Industries Using RETSCREEN Software}, abstract ={Despite of global technological advancements, the world is still facing many challenges. One of the main challenges is the energy. Because oflimitedfossil fuel resources for supplying energy, we have to use renewable energy resources. solar energy is an alternative to fossil fuel in electric power generation. Usingsolar cell has unique advantages such as no environmental pollution, no industrial pollution, no need for network, distributed generation and very low maintenance costs. One of the main consumers of electrical energy in Iran is oil industry. considering the location of oil plants and no connection to electrical network such as oil wells in mountains , usingphotovoltaic cell isa good solution. This paper tries to Analyze design parameters of a photovoltaic system then analysisof financial and pollution of this system by retscreen Software. In this paper it has been tried to calculate the electricity consumption and costs of a typical oil unit then use of RETSCREEN software for financial and pollution analysis.}, Keywords = {Solar Electricity, Retscreen Software, Polution Analysis, Financial Analysis}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {93-103}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-209-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-209-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Noorollahi, Younes and AliAshraf, S. M and Zamani, Mohse}, title = {Wind Energy Resources Assessment Using Geographical Information Systems (GIS), (Case Study: West Iran)}, abstract ={In this paper, wind energy resources in west Iran have been analyzed and estimated. Along with intense economic development and increasing energy consumption, clean, domestic and renewable energy can be the best option for future plans. The most important barrier for a wider deployment of renewable resources in Iran is the fossil fuel price which is the lowest in the world. Recently, government have decided to remove subsides for fossils, Therefore fossil fuel priceswill increase and this causes green energy price to be feasible. Wind power energy due to better economic conditions and very low environmental pollution today is very attractive. In this study we have used Geographic Information System (GIS) to determine the potential of wind energy resources in the west of Iranand explain the Multiple Criteria Decision Making method and site selection Criteria for wind resources assessment. In this research the desired criteria with equal importance have been investigated, these criteria include technical, environmental, economic and geographic standards. The results of this study are favorable for electricity production from wind, according to international standards in three states of west of Iran. Results have shown that 3% of study area has capacity for installing large wind turbines. Assuming that use of Gamesa G58 turbine model we can produce up to 1897 megawatts of wind power, which is26% of electrical supply region in 2026}, Keywords = {Renewable Energy, Wind, Criteria, GIS, Iran}, volume = {14}, Number = {1}, pages = {104-126}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-210-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-210-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {gazizadeh, Mohammad Sadegh and Gholami, Adel and MirrezaiRoudaki, SayedJav}, title = {Optimal Sizing, Operation and Sensitivity Analysis of CCHP System Based on Fuel Cell Prime Mover for a Typical Building}, abstract ={Recently, energy issues and global warming have gained serious attentions all around the world. In this regard, using renewable energy options are of great importance. Among numerous options, tri-generation systems with fuel cell can be a good candidate for this unique purpose. Trigeneration means to produce cooling, heating and power simultaneously with one source of input energy. The importance of using Tri-generation systems are both higher efficiency and lower environmental impacts. They can be used widespread in residential applications though. Tri-generation prime movers can be internal combustion engine, micro turbines, fuel cells or sterling engine. Among these various prime movers, fuel cellsare the best option due to their high efficiency, low pollution and high reliability. In this paper, by using an economic analysis the size and operation of the required fuel cell for the specific electricity, cooling and heating load of a typical building located in Tehran, Iran are selected. To carry out this analysis, an objective function has been introduced and maximized using developed mixed integer nonlinear method. The operation strategy and the payback period of the chosen system are also determined in this study. In addition, the results end up with finding an optimal capacity, optimal chiller capacity. The results show that using fuel cell is not economical now but for afuture by considering the cost of environmental impact it will be the best option. Finally, the sensitivity analysis is performed by changes in fuel cost, electricity cost and investment cost. The results show that theses parameters have significant effects on the system performance.}, Keywords = {CCHP, Optimization, Fuel Cell, Environmental Impacts, Sensitivity Analysis}, volume = {14}, Number = {2}, pages = {1-18}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-211-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-211-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Hassanzadeh, Hassan and Farzad, Mohammad Ali}, title = {A Feasibility Study on Using a Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Generation in Residential Sector in the East of Iran}, abstract ={The limitation of fossil fuel resources and pollution associated problems, especially in urban areas, and moreover, low efficient traditional energy convertors are the reasons for tendency to use more efficient energy convertors and renewable resources. Using a photovoltaic system for producing hydrogen beside a fuel cell system to supply the electrical and heat demands will be attractive in the near future. in this paper The feasibility study on using a photovoltaic-fuel cell hybrid system to produce heat and electricity simultaneously has been carried out. The results show that the photovoltaic system is the most economical case nowadays, which decreases the electrical dependency on the network and furthermore it has no pollution consequences, but the fuel cell based systems are not justifiable. It’s expected that they will have economical benefit in the future with increasing the cost of energy carriers, also decreasing the capital and operation costs of such systems.}, Keywords = {Combined Heat and Power (CHP), Fuel Cell, Solar Energy, Hydrogen, Photovoltaic}, volume = {14}, Number = {2}, pages = {19-41}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-212-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-212-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {TeymouriHamzehkolaei, Fatemeh and Sattari, Soure}, title = {The Optimal Model for Capacity-Building and Operation of Micro CHP Systems in the Residential Buildings}, abstract ={Micro CHP is a micro combined heat and power system that consumes natural gas or other types of fuel and produces heat and power. The growing worldwide demand for less polluting types of energy has led to a renewed interest in the use of Micro Combined Heat and Power technologies in the residential sector.During the process of increasingacceptance of Micro CHP systems,manufacturers and customers are interested to know what the optimum capacity of power generators for these devices is and if these systems are installed in the building, what strategies should be used to minimize the costs of supplying electricity and heat for households. In this paper, a mixed integer nonlinear programming model has been developed. The objective is to minimize annual cost of the energy system for a given residential customer equipped with the CHP plant, combining with a storage tank and a back-up boiler. The model reports the optimal CHP system capacities that customers could employ given their electricity and thermal requirements and minimize a customer’s cost to meet its electricity and heat requirements. Then, a sensitivity analysis is elaborated which indicates that optimal value of CHP capacity is sensitive to capital cost, energy prices, as well as the electricity buyback. An optimal storage tank can extent the operating time of the CHP plant, in addition a Time Of Use (TOU) tariff structure will almost always result in a larger cost saving ratio.}, Keywords = {Micro CHP, Optimal Model for Capacity-Building,Increase Fuel Efficiency, Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Sensitivity Analysis}, volume = {14}, Number = {2}, pages = {42-58}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-213-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-213-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Motavasseli, Mahmood and Mehrbani, Vahi}, title = {The Importance of Electricity in Economic Development and Transition from Dualism}, abstract ={Limitedenergy resources are problematic challenge nowadays. Electricity is one of the most important clean energies that can have the effective role in a developing economy like Iran. In this study, a theoretical model has been designed on the basis of dualism and structural change theory that shows using electricity increases the share of industry and decreases the share of agriculture in economy and hence by making structural changes, economic development process will be facilitated empirical evidence from sector production functions of Iranian economy, confirms this result.}, Keywords = {Electricity, Dualism, Industrialization, Economic Development}, volume = {14}, Number = {2}, pages = {59-73}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-214-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-214-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Ghayoomi, Zahra and MobiniDehkord, Ali and sharifian, Mohammad Ali}, title = {Role of Senior Managers in Implementing Vision in Petroleum Industry in Iran}, abstract ={The increased needsof world for energy and dependence of Iran on oil revenues as the most important revenue of country causedThe necessity To implementvision of thepetroleum industry that is along with 1404 vision of I.I.R in current decades with critical condition. Then, some issue as a literature review for assessing strategy, vision and implementing them was studied. For solving the problem, research was done as a case study – descriptive and crosses - sectional survey. Data was gathered by distributing questionnaires among 110 of managers and experts in petroleum industry in Tehran and was studied bycronbach 0.921 which factor is most effective factor in implementing vision of petroleum industry.}, Keywords = {Strategic Planning, Vision, Implementation, Change Management, Senior Managers, Strategic Leadership, Petroleum Industry}, volume = {14}, Number = {2}, pages = {74-86}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-215-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-215-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Ghasemi, Ali}, title = {Environmental/Economic Power Dispatch Using Multi-objective Gravitational Search Algorithm}, abstract ={One of the most important operational functions in todayenergy management system is environmental/economic dispatch (EED). The environmental issues that arise from the pollutant emissions produced by fossil-fueled electric power plants have become a matter of concern recently. This paper presents a multi-objective Gravitational Search Algorithm (MOGSA) for environmental/economic power dispatch (EED) problem.The EED problem is formulated as a nonlinear constrained multi-objective problem with competing and incommensurable objectives of fuel cost, emission and system loss. The proposed MOGSA approach adopts an external elitist archive to retain non-dominated solutions found during the evolutionary process. In order to preserve the diversity of Pareto optimality, a crowding entropy diversity measuring tactic is proposed. The crowding entropy strategy is able to measure the crowding degree of the solutions more accurately. IEEE30 and 118 bus test systems were studied. The effectiveness of the proposed approach are demonstrated by comparing its performance with other evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithms such as NSGA, NPGA, SPEA, MOPSO and MODE. The comparison with reported results of other multi objective optimization algorithms reveals the superiority of the proposed MOGSA algorithm and confirms its great potential in handling the multi-objective problems in power systems.}, Keywords = {Environmental/ Economic Load Dispatch, MOGSA Algorithm, Generation Unit Constraints, Multi-Objective Optimization}, volume = {14}, Number = {2}, pages = {87-105}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-216-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-216-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Fallah, Mohsen and Mohammadpurfard, Moos}, title = {Investigation of Power Generation in Pressure Retarded Osmosis Power Plant}, abstract ={Power generation by Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) method is a reliable approach for future. In this method, water from feed (low-salt or clean water flow) permeates through a semi membrane into a consentrated solution or a high pressurized salinity flow, such as sea water causing additional increase in its pressure and flowrate. Then this high pressure flow passing through a water turbine causes rotation of generator shaft and generates electric power. In this paper, in addition to investigate PRO power plant performance considering working condition of Iran, a PRO model is studied to predict water flux and power density under specific teoritical conditions. Model is based on empirical estimation of membrane water permeability coefficient (A), the membrane salt permeability coefficient (B) and suspended particles in solution resistivity (K).Results show that the PRO method with optimized membrane has higher specific power and greater efficiency than previous models. So, there is a growing trend into producing power via this new approach.}, Keywords = {Pressure Retarded Osmosis, Feed, Semi Membrane, Permeability Coefficient}, volume = {14}, Number = {2}, pages = {105-121}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-217-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-217-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Nazari, Mahdi and Ghasemi, Has}, title = {Design of The 10 KW Point-Absorber Wave Energy Converter Device At The Assaluyeh Seaport of Persian Gulf}, abstract ={Assaluyeh seaport region of Persian Gulf having short heights of sea wave, its Resulting from low fetch and geographic conditions, Potential power to region for extract this energy and Electric generation is 3.27 kw/m, But This condition causes the short waves, but visibility has been continuously, Over 40 percent of the time in year with frequencies between 1.3 to 1.5 radians per second. In this article, After review and analysis of wave characteristics of the area and determined the dominant frequency waves throughout the year, with Design principles for the visibility Resonant and control Damping on Floating buoy energy absorbing system, A device was designed to point absorber wave energy converter. Buoy energy by internal hydraulic system absorption and Become constant hydraulic pressure in accumulator, The result, Produced no changes in frequency AC power is 10 kilo watt per hours, This device is ideal energy storage capability and designed for extraction Short wave height energy..}, Keywords = {Point absorber wave energy, Assaluyeh seaport, Electricity Production, Persian Gulf.}, volume = {14}, Number = {3}, pages = {5-20}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-262-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-262-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Ramezanian, Mohammad rahim and Bahrkazemi, Mani}, title = {Selection the best external wall of buildings for energy saving by AHP technique}, abstract ={Nowadays, with reduction of groundwater resources and increase price of these resources in the world, saving in these resources is necessary. Developed countries and some developing countries including our country is using other energy resources such as water, wind, solar and nuclear energy, however, due to inadequacy these resource in satisfying countrys needs, still underground sources of energy are very important. Therefore efforts for saving in using these energy resources is the best action to delay, finishing of these sources, moreover, using of new technologies for efficiency using of energy. Residential homes are one of the places where a large portion of energy is consumed. Therefore, the article firstly four outer walls of buildings considered that the thermal insulation within the walls is built. Then criteria for evaluating these alternatives have selected through the study of literature. Finally, questionnaires distributed between10 building engineers and from the results of these questionnaires used to select the best substitute for external wall as for the energy saving.}, Keywords = {external walls of buildings, thermal insulation, analytical hierarchy process, energy saving}, volume = {14}, Number = {3}, pages = {21-36}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-263-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-263-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Salehinia, Alireza and Haghifam, Mahmoudreza and Shahabi, Maji}, title = {Reactive Power Control in Distribution Systems with Varying Load in Presence of Distributed Generations with Using Improved Genetic algorithm}, abstract ={A wide penetration of DG in distribution system, operation and designed of these networks has changed. The reactive power management and optimal capacitor placement are the most important characteristics in distribution networks on which the impact of the DGs should be studied. Type of distributed generation (DG) technology, modeling and their diverse capacity can affect the optimal capacitor placement in the distribution systems. In this research fixed and switchable capacitors allocation in distribution networks in the presence of scattered generation units is presented. As a cost function in optimization procedure, cost of energy loss, installation and purchase costs of capacitors and cost of peak power loss are considered. Genetic Algorithm with new coding and operators are used for optimization. One of the significant characteristics of the proposed GA–based method is providing the switching table for allocated capacitors in various load levels.}, Keywords = {DG, Capacitor Allocation, Surface chromosome, Genetic Algorithm, Reactive Power}, volume = {14}, Number = {3}, pages = {37-56}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-264-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-264-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Farzaneh, Hooman and Abbasgholi, Bahareh}, title = {Improvement of Energy Utilization in Upstream NGL Plants Through Reducing Electricity Consumption and Increasing The Fractionate Efficacy of Demethanizer Column}, abstract ={In recent years, there has been great incentive to improve the energy utilization with which the existing capital in offshore and onshore surface facilities is utilized. One of the most energy intensive processes in oil upstream industry is natural gas liquid or NGL recovery plant. The main gorge of energy consumption in conventional NGL plants is propane refrigeration. Hence, more attention should be focused on the effective utilization of propane chillers in a NGL plant. In this investigation, a simulation model has been developed on the basis of using novel configurations in Gachsaran NGL1200 in south of Iran.}, Keywords = {Energy recovery, NGL, Demethanizer, CCHP, Propane compressors.}, volume = {14}, Number = {3}, pages = {57-68}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-265-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-265-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Zamiraee, Zahra and Baghipour, Somayye}, title = {Assessing the Simultaneous Electricity Generation and Photocatalytic Oxidation of An Organic Substrate in Wastewater}, abstract ={The contemporary removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solution and electricity generation is studied in the present work by means of an experimental device resulting from the combination of a photocatalytic reactor and an electrochemical cell. The proposed system relies on the capability of Cu2‏+‏ ions to reduce in the presence of TiO2, (solar) UV radiations and a sacrificial organic agent. In the anodic solution of the combined photoreactor-cell, Cu0 is oxidized to Cu2‏+ and the latter is reduced again to the lowest oxidation state. The use of different sacrificial agents ranging from formic acid (FA) to glycerol (GLY) to glucose (GLU) is investigated along with the adoption of two different cathodes for the cell, the first based again on the couple Cu2‏+‏/Cu0 and the second on the couple O2/H2O. The results of the present work indicate that it is possible to combine a photocatalytic reactor and an electrochemical cell to achieve a contemporary removal of an organic pollutant from an aqueous solution and generate electricity.}, Keywords = {Photocatalytic reduction, Copper electrode, Organic substrate, Electricity generation..}, volume = {14}, Number = {3}, pages = {69-78}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-266-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-266-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Manzour, Davoud and Majed, Vahi}, title = {A Prologue On Energy Planning Methodology}, abstract ={Energy decisions have intensive impacts on national economies. Any energy decision needs information about energy demand and energy supply trends and their projections. It also needs information about technological changes in supply, transformation and consumption sectors. All of that information is needed in comprehensive energy planning. Energy Planning can be defined as a process of developing long-range policies to improve energy decisions through demand and supply balancing respect to environment and help guide the future of a local, national, regional or even the global energy system. Rapid progress made in the field of electronic data processing has led to a boom of computerized tools in the field of energy planning as much as in any other areas of systematic analysis. To this main emphasis is on the balancing production, transformation and distribution of energy commodities respect to environmental considerations. As statistics indicate, Iran has a considerable share of worlds energy resources but in one hand energy consumption in Iran is more than worlds standards and the other hand, low energy efficiency shows necessity of energy planning in national and local level. So this paper takes the description of energy planning issues and their methodologies. To this energy planning models and tools and their development are introduced briefly.}, Keywords = {Energy, Energy Planning, Top-Down Planning, Bottom-UpPlanning, Technological Learning, E3 Models, Game Theory.}, volume = {14}, Number = {3}, pages = {79-100}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-267-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-267-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Rabbani, Mehran and Kalantar, Vali and Banikarimi, Amir}, title = {Numerical Analysis of Performance a Trombe Wall in Dry Climate}, abstract ={In this paper, operation of Trombe wall system and how air flows inside the room in a steady and unsteady state has been studied. The goal was to examine the optimal size of the system (steady state) for save more energy and its impact on the interior of the room when system start till the system reaches a steady state (unsteady state) and also calculate the amount of hours that the stored energy in the absence of solar radiation transmitted into the inside of room. Tostartthe system, assumethat allvelocitiesarezero and the interiorroomislocatedin theminimumtemperatureinwinter and systemstartedtoworkwithsolar radiationandthermal energyfromthe sun.}, Keywords = {Trombe wall, unsteady state, solar radiation.}, volume = {14}, Number = {3}, pages = {101-118}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-268-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-268-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Vali, Fatemeh and Amini, Mohamm}, title = {Design of a Solar Fluidized Bed Dryer and The Effect of Solar Radiation on Drying Performance}, abstract ={The main objective of this study was to design a solar fluidized bed dryer for agricultural products, and to investigate its performance with regard to solar radiation rate. The agricultural products were dried using solar radiation instead of fossil fuels, with highest quality and at very short time this is due to high heat transfer rate of this dryer. The agricultural materials used for drying were corn kernels, where mean corn size, bed porosity bulk and net density were obtained experimentally. On the basis of initial and secondary moisture content of the corn kernels, three flat plate solar collectors of 5.4 m2 with 1.66 kW of thermal power and a spiral air blower with 0.146 m3/s were used. Drying experiments were carried out in a bed height of 1 cm and air velocity of 3.5 m/s using two types of distributer screens, of 2 and 4 mm mesh size, at before noon, noon and after noon, in order to obtain the dryer performance. Results showed that the drying kinetics of corn kernels is affected by using various distributer screen mesh at different experimental time.}, Keywords = {Solar radiation, moisture content, drying rate, solar fluidized bed dryer}, volume = {14}, Number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-298-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-298-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Naghizadeh, َئهق and Ghaseminejad, Morteza and Doroodi, Aref}, title = {Derating Factor of Induction Motors Subjected to Voltage Fluctuations}, abstract ={In this paper, derating factor of induction motors that are subjected to regular fluctuations (flicker) has been calculated. Voltage flicker is one of the most important phenomena in power systems study. The phenomenon may cause additional losses and decrease the efficiency of the induction motors. Due to huge amount of induction motors in the different industries, it is important to study the effect of voltage fluctuation on the induction motors behavior. The paper applies electrical, mechanical and thermal models of induction motors to estimate additional losses, temperature rise and derating factor.}, Keywords = {Power quality, Voltage flicker, Induction motors, Thermal model}, volume = {14}, Number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-297-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-297-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Pourmirzaagha, Hamoon and Ebrahimi, Reza and Raad, Manochehr and Asadollahi, Abdollah}, title = {Analysis and simulation of hybrid solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine cycle in design point and predicted efficiency in off design point}, abstract ={Hybrid system are power production systems, in which a thermal engine like a gas turbine is combined with a non thermal engine like a fuel cell. As such systems have higher efficiencies and lower contaminants than a gas turbine alone, they will play a great role on advanced power production system in near future. With using thermal energy of Solid oxide fuel cell in a gas turbine cycle can be achieved a hybrid system with high performance. In this paper, we investigate the thermodynamic performance of gas turbine combined system with oxide fuel cell with hydrogen-fueled internal improvement in design point and prediction power and efficiency system in off design point in order to find corresponding operating point on the characteristics of each component when the engine is running at a steady state speed or in equilibrium as it is frequently termed. All components of the hybrid system has been modeled separately, with the help of thermodynamic relations.}, Keywords = {Solid oxide fuel cell, Gas turbine, design point, OFF design point, Efficiency}, volume = {14}, Number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-296-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-296-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Atabi, Farideh and Kaabinezhadian, Abdorrazagh and MousazadehNamini, Elmir}, title = {Technical - Economical and Environmental Analysis of Utilization of Solar Water Heating Systems in Residential Buildings}, abstract ={In this paper, based on geographic specifications and climatic conditions, the required natural gas and hot water of a typical 8-units residential building located in Tehran city, has been taken into consideration and analyzed in two scenarios considering the national and international prices of natural gas and electricity. In scenario A, utilization of a forced circulation solar water heating system for supplying the required hot water based on national prices for electricity and natural gas and in scenario B, utilization of the same system considering international prices for electricity and natural gas were investigated through using RETScreen software. The results show that in scenarios A and B, the share of solar water heating system in supplying the required hot water is 53%. The amount of natural gas saving would be 4,777 m3/yr. The total investment costs and green house gases (GHGs) emission reduction would be US$ 7,898 and 6.4 tCO2/yr respectively. In scenario A, annual external costs diminution would be US$ 123 tCO2 and normal payback period would be 16.9 yr. In scenario B, annual external costs diminution and normal payback period would be US$ 101 tCO2 and 6.3 yr respectively. Thus using the solar water heating systems with considering the international prices of electricity and natural gas is economically feasible.}, Keywords = {Solar Water Heating Systems, GHG Emission Reduction, Residential Building, Technical- Economical and Environmental Analysis}, volume = {14}, Number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-295-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-295-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Challenges and Strategies Optimization of Energy Consumption in Iran}, abstract ={Lack of technical and economic efficiency of energy consumption and waste nearly a third of all energy and environmental problems arising thereafter, consumption management, increase efficiency and make energy efficiency more than ever necessary. In order to use and feasibility of improving energy efficiency and management programs in Iran and other countries in efforts to resolve the problems, in this paper has three separate sections, to be paid part of the main issues in this regard. In the first part of this paper to examine strategies for reducing energy consumption, it is necessary to accurately complete, the types of strategies are identified and explained. Initially the strategy or strategies, and more defined because the developmental nature of the issue optimization of energy consumption, classification strategies in this regard are presented. On this basis, in the first part conclusion contents, context and methods of assessment strategies to optimize the energy consumption as a model presentation for specified countries and Iran are also being offered. The second part, the strategies optimization of energy consumption sample countries and Iran are paid. Presentation and analysis of these strategies individually to any country due to the massive contents, is outside the scope of this article, but in such conditions, Total of energy consumption optimization strategies as conclusion by (the study of a country) is given and finally, in third part of this paper, the strategies is recommended to reduce energy consumption in Iran.}, Keywords = {Strategy, optimization of energy consumption, energy consumption intensity}, volume = {14}, Number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-294-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-294-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Karegari, Narges and Mastoori, Rez}, title = {Quantification of Environmental Impacts in Life Cycle of Combined Cycle Power Plant Using Environmental Priority Strategies (EPS)}, abstract ={Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an effective tool for decision-making, which could assess and analysis the environmental impacts. Also, appropriate approaches with less environmental impacts could be indicated by LCA. There are some procedures and plans in order to strengthening LCA, which could quantify the environmental impacts of a product or process in the whole of life cycle. One of these strengthening methods is EPS (Environmental Priority Strategies). Environmental impacts could be calculated and compared for different emissions, resources and energy use by EPS system. In order to comparing environmental impacts of resource use, transportation and raw material use, environmental impacts should be quantified. The unit for comparing environmental impact in EPS system is ELU (Environmental Load Unit). In this paper, environmental impacts of air pollutants in life cycle of a combined cycle power plant have been quantified by EPS. The results show that the most important environmental impact based on ELU are respectively CO2, CH4, PM, NOx and SO2.}, Keywords = {Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Environmental Priority Strategies (EPS), Environmental Load Unit (ELU), Air Pollutants, Environmental Impacts, Combined Cycle Power Plant}, volume = {14}, Number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-293-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-293-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Niakan, Leili and Manzoor, Davoo}, title = {Risk Management in Countrys ٍElectricity Industry: Requirements and Instruments}, abstract ={Financial derivatives do not represent ownership rights in any asset but, rather, derive their value from the value of some other underlying commodity or other asset. They are claimed to be efficient and effective tools for hedging against risk exposure. In many countries, use of derivatives in electricity industry has come about with electricity price deregulation. In electricity market, risk of price fluctuations threatens electricity consumers and producers. While, varying prices encouraged consumers to find ways to reduce their costs, and producers looked for ways to stabilize cash flow, derivative contracts were introduced to transfer price risk, to those who are able to bear it. Price risk management in electricity industry is relatively a new phenomen. However, electricity derivative contracts have grown rapidly. In this article, we will introduce various kinds of financial derivatives (such as Forwards, Futures, Options, and Multiple-Trigger Derivatives), commodity characteristics of electricity and price risk management methods with derivatives in the electricity industry.}, Keywords = {Electricity Industry, Risk Management, Derivatives, Price Fluctuations}, volume = {14}, Number = {4}, pages = {0-0}, publisher = {Iranian National Energy Committee}, url = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-292-en.html}, eprint = {http://necjournals.ir/article-1-292-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Journal of Energy}, issn = {1028-3706}, eissn = {2322-1240}, year = {2012} }